Decolonization in the Hawaiian Islands Essay - 772 Words

The people of Hawaii and other Pacific Island Nation groups have experienced great injustice from their colonial powers and the acts of imperialism. Lands were seized, cultural practices banned, language lost, and people were even forced to move away from their homes for the purpose of bomb testing. The United States and other countries abroad sent out representatives to do their work for them; in return their future actions would be justified in describing the Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders as savages that need to have wider powers enforced upon them; thus resulting in a tangled web of political mythologies. The first step in legitimizing the take over of an indigenous person was to make them less human. In Stannards article†¦show more content†¦The Hawaiians were further depicted as thieves like the rest of the people in Polynesia, and plagued with the barbaric accusation of committing infanticide. These so called facts were enough for the Euro-American forces to send out missionaries to regulate the Hawaiian people and take over their land and all their practices. (Stannard, 381- 417) As a result to new people coming into colonizes Hawaii and its people, the Hawaiians suffered many consequences. Formerly, the Hawaiian Islands remained isolated from the rest of the world. Once they were tainted with outside contact, the Hawaiians quickly fell ill with disease causing their population to go on rapid decline. Smaller populations allowed the missionaries to eventually gain more control. Eventually hula was prohibited, as well as the language and other past times, the final straw coming down to Hawaiis illegal annexation. The Hawaiian culture was almost lost completely; but if so it would have been legitimate to the missionaries because they were indeed helping these indigenous peoples become less savage like and closer to God. Another important case of the government approving disaster was when the United States permitted atomic and hydrogen bomb testing in the Pacific. ItShow MoreRelatedThe Expansion Of A Nation State1880 Words   |  8 Pages19th century the United States was also among the colonial powers, after they won the Spanish-American War. This victory allowed them to create American colonies in the Caribbean and in the Philippines. By then, the Americans also conquered the Hawaiian Islands. Japan became the first Asian colonial power. In the past Japan was forced to trade by a United States flee in 1845. Afterwards the Japanese had a political revolution as they adopted European technology and organization. Japan prospered andRead MoreCatal Hyuk2725 Words   |  11 PagesVeneration Oracle Bones Steppe Nomads MAPS: Yangzi River Steppes of Eurasia Southeast Asia Indian Ocean Burma (Myanmar) Mojeno-daro Huang He (Yellow) River Tibetan Plateau Southwest Asia Malay Peninsula Maldive Islands CHAPTER 6: Early Societies in the Americas and Oceania IDENTITES: Obsidian Maize Bering Land Bridge Pan-American Highway Pan-Pacific Highway Ceremonial Centers Authoritarian Society Agricultural Terraces Bloodletting

Cirue Du Soleil - 3282 Words

Abstract: This course work will concentrate on marketing analysis of the world’s leading circus company Cirque du Soleil. Based on the data given it will conduct a PEST, Porter’s 5-Forces, SWOT analysis and discuss the results, together with results paper will concentrate on marketing and positioning strategies and Ansoff’s Matrix, and also recommend strategy measures for achieving sustainable economic development outcomes. It was found that, first of all, Cirque du Soleil is making a profit while most of its competitors are fail to break even. Second, with its innovative and creative productions, the Cirque stays in a distinct position that none of its competitors can compete. Third, the Cirque’s shows ease to accept by†¦show more content†¦This course work will concentrate on marketing analysis on strategic prospective of the world’s leading circus company Cirque du Soleil. Based on the given material and found external information it will co ncentrate on analysis of PEST, Porters 5 analysis, SWOT and discuss the results of the findings, together with an outcome paper will concentrate on Ansoff’s Matrix analysis and recommend strategy measures for achieving sustainable economic development outcomes. 2. PEST and Porter’s 5-forces analysis PEST analysis was undertaken to determine general facts and factors that affect circus industry whether positively or negatively. Different factors were scanned, spotlighted and analyzed and some of them were listed in the outcomes. |Positive factors |Negative factors | |Political Factors affecting Circus Industry | |†¢ Political stability |†¢ Strict pro-employee employment policy | |†¢ Investment (FDI) friendly policies | | |†¢ Well defined legislation | |

Bible in PoliticsSamples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Exertion of the Bible in Politics. Answer: Exertion of the Bible has withstood and influenced certain corruption of language and that has been witnessed through thorough ensemble of radicalism and liberalism. However, in most of the cases, paradigmatic examples of biblical instances have often been used in political elocution and convincement (Segall Burke, 2013). Moving beyond the art and depiction of logical human life, the Bible of different notions (variable with testaments) has been devised as a useful instrument for the purpose of political power game and its establishment. The purpose and objective of using such examples from the holy book is nothing but to attract greater number of vote- bank from radical school. This essay thus intends to look into robust use of the biblical instances in political speech with special note on Obamas speech (Bonin-Rodriguez, 2014). In 2006, former President of United States had delivered certain speeches on the mountainside sermon of Jesus Christ and in his book named The Audacity of Hope; he had analyzed the speech of Jesus. It has been observed by him that the speeches of Jesus are not appropriate for the strategies taken by the defense department (Patterson, 2013). Obama called the suggestion of Jesus as radical. It has been stated by him that the moral view of Jesus Christ, to certain extent, not proper for the appropriate political sphere (Bennett, 2016). It has been stated in the sermon that there are two types of establishment can be exist in the world. The first one build on the rock and the other that has been built on the sand. However, in his speech in the Georgetown University, he told that the establishment should be based on the rock only and therefore, the evangelical supporters have started to enchant slogans against him. Christian leader James Dobson and Tom Minnery opposes Obamas views. It has been stated by Dobson that Obama had misinterpreted the sermon of Bible and he is severely engaged himself in the corruption of language (Rowland, 2013). It has also been pointed out that the political leaders are using the verdict of Jesus Christ to attract the people and the vote bank. In many cases, Obama has continuously pointed out the quotations of Bible and failed to keep the dignity of the holy book. Considering the political view of the present economic policies, it has been stated by Obama that it is impossible to build the economy of a country on the sands and it has also been narrated by him that the policies should be effective in nature (Blomberg, 2014). If there will be a laxity in the rules of the government, the same could be misuse by the citizens. Therefore, Obama believed on the rock doctrine of Jesus in lieu of the sand doctrine. Another controversy made regarding the speeches of Obama that he told that scripture could not be treated as the best source of the public policy (Benoit, 2016). The theories of Bible are divided into two groups; they are the old testament and the new testament. It has been stated by Reverend Cornel West that it is important to love the neighbors. He was a supporter of holy Bible and Jesus Christ who narrated the speeches to his disciples has propounded this theory. However, from the modern political view, it has been observed that this theory cannot be applied to diplomatic relations and in the modern politics. The structure of the modern politics has been changed a lot and therefore, it is no doubt to state that certain verse of the holy Bible could not be accepted in the modern politics (Yang, 2015). The speeches given by former American president Barrack Obama in 2006 was criticized by number of testament supporters. Allegation has been made against Barrack Obama that he had misinterpreted the verses of the holy Bible and it has also been alleged that the tales of Jesus Christ have been misused by them in a wrongful manner. The application of the verses in the defense department has also been criticized and it has been stated that the spellbound Sermon on the Mount are appropriate to reduce the possibility of war by the evangelists. Certain Bible supporters are denied the fact that Obama is a Christian. James Dobson made certain criticism against Barrack Obama and it has been mentioned by him that the presumption of democratic nominee is not appropriate in case of Obama as he is not eligible for the same. It has been stated by him that Barrack Obama had failed to interpret the verses of holy Bible and his notion regarding the tale of Jesus are disgraceful. Obama had also opposed the policy of scriptures. The slavery system confirmed by the scriptures is needed to be changed in the modern democratic world. It has been stated that scripture has supported the slavery system and that is not the appropriate version of democracy (Pennington, 2015). This view of Obama is also criticized by Dobson. According o the view of Obama, the verses of the Sermon on the mount are radical in nature and therefore, each step of the Sermon are not applicable on the modern politics (Dobson, 2014). It has been alleged by Dobson that Obama had shown the verses of old testament and the scope of the old testament are not valid as the whole Christianity is depending on the new testament. Dobson titled the view of Obamas theory as a confused theology and expressed his views over the theory in a sarcastic way. He had charged Obama with the corruption of language and told that Obama is dragging the Biblical understanding by way of playing guitar. Dobson also criticizes the democratic conception of Obama. As per the words of Obama, democracy does not want to implement its policies based on any specific religion. Dobson had contradicted the democratic policy of Obama (McDuffie, 2016). As per his view, Obamas concept is working as a denominator of morality. It has been observed from the political overview that the political leaders are using the verses of Bible and construct the theories of it as per their own notions to achieve the proper vote bank. It has also been observed that politicians are trying to attract the vote bank and therefore, concocted the stories regarding the verses of Bible and in certain circumstances, misinterpret the visions of the Jesus Christ to feather their own nest. It is accordingly state that in the political history of America, many leaders including Martin king Luther, George Bush and Abraham Lincoln had used the theories of Bible for their own purpose (Myers Cibulka, 2014). However, it is to be noted that the criticism made against the views of Barack Obama had been made by the radical supporter. It is obvious to state that time has been changed and the circumstances of the system are also affected by the system directly. In the modern point of view, the liberal theories of Jesus Christ are not applicable and the message of friendship to the neighbors is also improper in case of diplomacy or defense system (Bonin-Rodriguez, 2014). The theories or the verses of the holy Bible are beyond any doubt and they are universal in nature. However, the effectiveness of the theories in the modern politics is not applicable in the modern politics. The message of the scriptures on the slavery is also not welcomed by the democratic system. Therefore, though many of the radical supporter have criticized the speeches of Obama, yet from the modern political view, the notes of Obama has been rightly observed. References Bennett, Z. (2016).Using the Bible in practical theology: historical and contemporary perspectives. Routledge. Benoit, W. L. (2016). Barack Obamas 2008 speech on Reverend Wright: Defending self and others.Public Relations Review,42(5), 843-848. Blomberg, C. (2014).Can We Still Believe the Bible?: An Evangelical Engagement with Contemporary Questions. Brazos Press. Bonin-Rodriguez, P. (2014).Performing Policy: How contemporary politics and cultural programs redefined US artists for the twenty-first century. Springer. Dobson, J. C. (2014).The new dare to discipline. Tyndale House Publishers, Inc.. McDuffie, K. (2016). COLOR-BLIND RHETORIC IN OBAMAS 2008 RACE SPEECH: THE APPEAL TO WHITENESS AND THE DISCIPLINING OF RACIAL RHETORICAL STUDIES.Rhetorics of Whiteness: Postracial Hauntings in Popular Culture, Social Media, and Education, 71. Myers, N. R., Cibulka, J. G. (2014). RELIGIOUS FAITH AND POLICY IN PUBLIC EDUCATION.Handbook of Education Politics and Policy, 267. Patterson, E. (2013).Latin America's Neo-reformation: Religion's Influence on Contemporary Politics. Routledge. Pennington, D. (2015). Barack Obama's Authentic Self as a Spiritual Warrior: Discipleship to the Apostolic.Howard Journal of Communications,26(1), 74-94. Rowland, C. (2013).The Oxford handbook of the reception history of the Bible. OUP Oxford. Segall, A., Burke, K. (2013). Reading the Bible as a pedagogical text: Testing, testament, and some postmodern considerations about religion/the Bible in contemporary education.Curriculum Inquiry,43(3), 305-331. Yang, S. (2015). Discourse Analysis of Obamas Inaugural Speech From the Perspective of Culture.Studies in Literature and Language,10(6), 33-37.

Leprosy Essays - Leprosy, Corynebacterineae, Acid Fast Bacilli

Leprosy Leprosy is a chronic bacterial disease of the skin, nerves in the hands and feet and, in some cases, the lining of the nose. Leprosy is a rare disease in the United States. Anyone can get leprosy, but children seem to be more susceptible than adults. It is not clear how the leprosy germ is spread, but household and prolonged close contact is important. The germs probably enter the body through the nose and possibly through broken skin. The germs get in the air through nasal discharge of untreated lepromatous patients. Tuberculoid leprosy symptoms are a few well-defined skin lesions that are numb. Lepromatous leprosy symptoms are a chronically stuffy nose and many skin lesions and nodules on both sides of the body. It usually takes about four years for tuberculoid leprosy symptoms to appear and about eight years for lepromatous leprosy symptoms to appear. In most cases, a person will not infect others after about three months of starting treatment. There are two medicines that have to be taken once a month for at least two years for patients with lepromatous leprosy. For tuberculoid leprosy, two medicines should be taken once a month for six months. The best way to prevent the spread of leprosy is the early diagnosis and treatment of people who are infected. For household contacts, immediate and annual examination for at least five years after last contact with a person who is infectious, is recommended Here is more about the bacteria and how it came to. It is a bacterial disease.The causative agent is the Mycobacterium leprae known also as Hansen's bacterum, and it is an alcohol-acid, intracellular rod, about 5 m long, and is indistinguishable from other mycobacteria: for example, mycobacterium tubercolosis. It can be stained with the basic fucsin Ziehl-Nielsen method; when it is alive, it is stained in an uniform way, otherwise it appears irregular and fraigmented. The dead bacterium remains in the human body for many years.

Mark Miller of Sawyer Brown Essay Example

Mark Miller of Sawyer Brown Essay My Idol Mark Miller of Sawyer Brown Joseph Zilar Everest University ENC 1101-80 Composition I Professor: Pirooz  Kalayeh It was in 1984 when introduced to my idol, Mark Miller and Sawyer Brown, the country rock band. I was clicking through the channels and found a show called Star Search. It was the first reality performing arts competition that I had the pleasure to see, other than â€Å"The Gong Show†. I love to sing, so I could relate to the venue at hand. Ed McMahan was the show host, and most may remember him from â€Å"The Tonight Show† with Johnny Carson. I started watching Star Search, and began to root for the country rock band Sawyer Brown each week. Sawyer Brown ended up being the top winner. Here it is almost thirty years later, and Mark Miller and Sawyer Brown are still going strong, and winning over audiences everywhere they go. (Thesis) I picked Mark Miller as my Idol because of; his leadership, his Christian values, sharing personal commonalities, and his love of music. Much of Mark’s music, thanks to his leadership, reflects his deep Christian origins (Evans, and Ross, 2013). Sawyer Brown’s founder and front man of the band, Mark Miller doesn’t sing about cheating. He sings about the common man and having good old fashion fun. When Sawyer Brown was announced the winner of Star Search, the leader Mark Miller thanked God for the opportunity to show their music on TV. I remember them singing a song on Star Search. It was the song â€Å"Step that Step†, and that song was their very first hit. I thought to myself back then that Sawyer Brown would become a big name band as long as Mark’s leadership kept the band grounded in their beliefs. We will write a custom essay sample on Mark Miller of Sawyer Brown specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mark Miller of Sawyer Brown specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mark Miller of Sawyer Brown specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Mark is a very quiet and soft spoken Christian man, and makes people wonder where all of his energy on stage comes from and how real it is. You have no idea, says Miller, â€Å"People look at me offstage, and think its an act. But thats how my brother and I were raised. Be good, do right, but when you get to church, you let it go. People talk about my dancing well, where we went to church, thats what people did when the music was pumping. And let me tell you: that music got going† (Sawyerbrown. com, 2013). â€Å"In my Life everything revolves around putting God first, my family second, and then everything lse has to come after that. To this day I’ve never drank a beer. I never have. I was always taught that was wrong† (Evans, and Ross, 2013). Mark Miller was raised up in the Pentecostal church, where the music in church flung down with passion and fire, and that on fire sense of musical explosions happen at all of their performances. I share a lot of things in co mmon with Mr. Mark Miller. My singing voice sounds very much like his. I would say that he sounds like me, but he was born before me, so I sound like him. Mark Miller, like me, has such a love for music too. Mark goes on to say,† Really, I feel music. I feel it through every ounce in me, and through to my bones. You know something rhythmic comes on† (Evans, and Ross, 2013). That is how I feel. Often, someone will speak a phrase, and it will remind me of a song. Then I just start singing that song. Like Mark Miller, I have been writing songs and dancing around since I was 15 years old. Mark has written songs like â€Å"Step that Step†, â€Å"Drive me Wild†, and â€Å"Some Girls do†, just to name a few. I admire Mark very much. Especially for his dedication to follow his passion, and making a living doing what he loves. That’s the one thing I wish I had in common with him. Leader of Sawyer Brown, Mark Miller, and his band have come a long way since 1984 and Star Search. They have most of the original band members, still doing about 80 performances a year, and have their own company, Beach Street Entertainment, which just finished putting out a Christian based movie April 9 of this year (Wyland, 2013). Because of his Christian family values, Mark Miller even finds time to coach his kid’s basketball games. That is why I admire and look up to the singer and song writer, band leader, Christian family man, and entrepreneur Mark Miller. Works cited Evans M. , and Ross S. (2013) Between the Liner Notes, Mark Miller: Who’s the real Sawyer Brown. The Christian Broadcasting Network, Inc. http://www. cbn. com/cbnmusic/interviews/700club_sawyerbrown060806. aspx Sawyerbrown. com (2013) Biography, Sawyer Brown. Retrieved August 03, 2013 from http://sawyerbrown. com/index. htm? d=256 Shelton, P. ( 1995) Sawyer Brown. Contemporary Musicians.. Retrieved August 06, 2013 from Encyclopedia. com: http://www. encyclopedia. com/doc/1G2-3493100061. html Sweet, J. (2000). Sawyer Brown†, Contemporary Musicians. (2000). Retrieved August 03, 2013 from Encyclopedia. com: http://www. encyclopedia. com/doc/1G2-3494500069. html Wyland, S. (April 8, 2013) Great American Country TV. Retrieved August 03, 2013 from http://blog. gactv. com/blog/2013/04/08/sawyer-browns-mark-miller-releases-first-feature-film/

Free Essays on Uniforms In Public School

Uniforms In Public School Quality education is critical to the future of America’s children. However, we cannot educate our children in schools where weapons, gang violence, and drugs threaten their safety. Research has shown that some students resort to violence and theft simply to obtain designer clothes or name brand shoes, it is no secret that violent behavior has become a problem in public schools. As a result, many school districts nationwide are tying to enforce uniforms as a part of their dress code this, they believe, will help get the minds of their students off of fashion and onto their education. As violence, competition between students, and distractions from the educational system increase in public schools, administrators are beginning to consider uniforms as a solution to the problem. Many parents and students support the uniform issue because they feel it makes all the students equal in the eyes of their peers and teachers. Uniforms have been used in an effort to try to reduce crime, and at the same time, remove peer pressure amongst those students who are tying to â€Å"fit in† so they can concentrate on their school work. When Clinton was President, he said, â€Å"If uniforms can help deter school violence, promote discipline, and foster a better learning environment, then we should show strong support to the parents that try them†.(21) By mandating uniforms in public school, school officials hope to see a reduction in crime and violence. According to statistics, there are notable decreases in school violence and illegal offenses after either a school uniform or a standardized dress code is enforced. But can uniforms really help in deterring violence and crime? Many parents and teachers say yes. Supporters of uniforms say that students’ clothing reveals what social class and status the children are from which causes conflicts among them.(Nittel) If it is true that a child’s clothes does make a di... Free Essays on Uniforms In Public School Free Essays on Uniforms In Public School Uniforms In Public School Quality education is critical to the future of America’s children. However, we cannot educate our children in schools where weapons, gang violence, and drugs threaten their safety. Research has shown that some students resort to violence and theft simply to obtain designer clothes or name brand shoes, it is no secret that violent behavior has become a problem in public schools. As a result, many school districts nationwide are tying to enforce uniforms as a part of their dress code this, they believe, will help get the minds of their students off of fashion and onto their education. As violence, competition between students, and distractions from the educational system increase in public schools, administrators are beginning to consider uniforms as a solution to the problem. Many parents and students support the uniform issue because they feel it makes all the students equal in the eyes of their peers and teachers. Uniforms have been used in an effort to try to reduce crime, and at the same time, remove peer pressure amongst those students who are tying to â€Å"fit in† so they can concentrate on their school work. When Clinton was President, he said, â€Å"If uniforms can help deter school violence, promote discipline, and foster a better learning environment, then we should show strong support to the parents that try them†.(21) By mandating uniforms in public school, school officials hope to see a reduction in crime and violence. According to statistics, there are notable decreases in school violence and illegal offenses after either a school uniform or a standardized dress code is enforced. But can uniforms really help in deterring violence and crime? Many parents and teachers say yes. Supporters of uniforms say that students’ clothing reveals what social class and status the children are from which causes conflicts among them.(Nittel) If it is true that a child’s clothes does make a di...

Strategic Issues and Options of McDonalds Assignment

Strategic Issues and Options of McDonalds - Assignment Example About 80% of McDonald’s restaurants are being owned and operated by local men and women worldwide who are running the business independently. The primary goal of McDonald’s is to become number one and favorite way and place for customers to eat and drink by providing them their core favorites such as Chicken McNuggets, French Fries, Quarter Pounder and Big Mac (Han, 2008). The strategic direction of McDonald’s is its biggest strength which is the alignment between the franchisees, company and its suppliers and it has been the key to success of the company. It is well-known fact that company’s alignment with its suppliers and franchisees which are collectively known as the System has helped McDonald’s in delivering consistent and locally relevant restaurant experience to its customers worldwide. The business model of McDonald’s enables the company to ensure that it fulfills its promise of delivering best quality products and aesthetic fast food dining and eating experience to its customers. According to Fisher (2011), the business model of McDonald’s is to deliver customers’ experiences that are consistent and relevant to the local restaurant ambiance; the aim of the restaurant is to be a part of the communities that are being served by the country. The primary focus of the company is on low-cost leadership and the idea behind this strategy is that it facilitates their ability for identification, implementation, and innovation so that they are able to meet the changing needs and preferences of customers. The strategic direction of McDonald’s is to focus a customer-oriented approach in which the plan is to provide a common framework for its global businesses that allows the strategy to be locally adopted.  

Organization Analysis, Part 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organization Analysis, Part 1 - Essay Example High staff turnover costs the company in terms of tangible and intangible resources. On the one hand, the company loses on the knowledge of the departing staff whereas on the other hand, it is forced to use more resources, which could have been put to better use elsewhere, on constant recruitment and job training for new staff. Another major HR challenge that the company faces is the effect of different cultures arising out of its global expansion. Wal-Mart cannot impose a standard HR practice in all countries because of their different cultural dimensions (Hofstede, 2001). Nevertheless, Michael Duke, the President and CEO of Wal-Mart identifies developing staff as one of the five key strategies central to the company’s future (Wal-Mart, 2012). After all in retail it is the store and club associates that take care of customers and members which determines whether customer become loyal or not. On the legal front, Wal-Mart’s HR management has two chief areas of concer n, ensuring equal employment opportunities and improving their labor relations. Under the equal employment opportunity challenge, the important activity is to prevent the likely occurrence of discrimination practices among its staff. This aspiration should ideally reflect the spirit of the law as envisioned by the Civil Rights Act of 1991 by reinforcing illegality of making hiring, firing or promotion decisions on the basis of sex, ethnicity, race or religion (DeCenzo & Robbins, 2005). This act also includes the Glass Ceiling Act. Wal-Mart has been addressing the equal employment opportunity concern by embedding diversity and inclusion into its culture. This has been done partly through its Diversity Goals Program where managers are held accountable for elevating the standards of diversity and inclusion throughout the company, with up to 15 percent of management bonuses and ten percent of performance evaluation scores tied to their diversity goals achievement (Wal-Mart, 2011). T his program has seen the numbers of minorities’ rise from 21.3% in 2005 to 36% in 2011 and that for females rise from 38.8% in 2005 to 57% in 2011. Of the two HR challenges, Wal-Mart’s greater challenge has been its labor relations. Wal-Mart is America’s largest private employer and it has used its muscle to quash all attempts by its workers to form or be part of labor unions. The company’s low cost strategy relies on minimizing production costs and labor costs are often the major expense in production for low-end retail (Woodman, 2012). Without a union, Wal-Mart employees have had less bargaining power and this could be one of the reasons why the company has a rapid turnover. Nevertheless, the continued growth of the group Organization United for Respect at Wal-Mart (OUR Walmart) demonstrates less likelihood of the company’s staff relenting on this issue. For this reason we envisage this power struggle on whether to unionize or not continuing in to the future unless either party relents. We however believe that it would be more productive for Wal-Mart to address the concerns of its workers if it seeks to remain competitive in the coming years. A possible solution is to meet workers’ demands half-way by giving them some of the demands they are requesting such as respect, affordable health care, stable and fair scheduling, and improved wages. Wal-Mart’

Information Technology in Criminal Justice Systems Research Paper

Information Technology in Criminal Justice Systems - Research Paper Example On law enforcement, such information systems have helped in crime prevention and criminal justice program network, technical cooperation activities, and the development of the criminal justice information aimed at maintaining institutional capacities to respond to requests from member states as well as the general public. Future activities in the Information technology require more funding, planning, and coordination within the crime prevention and criminal justice programs in the realm of criminal justice information and computerization (Dana Spiegel 2009, pg 113). There are potential benefits that will come about with the use of wireless technologies in the criminal justice systems, which will mainly be realized in prosecutions, courts, and the correctional parts of the criminal justice systems. The prosecution will undoubtedly see an improved case output through the computer-based systems to assist with the cases' recording, in detail, and to track progress on each case, thereby triggering reminders when actions fall due. It will also bring about better use of clerical and professional resources as a result of easier recording and collating of information pertaining to different cases.

Ethical Dilemmas Of Animal Testing

Ethical Dilemmas Of Animal Testing This report is based on the Literature Review about ethical dilemma that arises over the controversy of using Animals for Testing and Research Studies. We have tried to explain in brief about Animal Testing and discussed broadly with the Ethical Theories that support and argue about the Use of Animals. We have also tried to relate all the ethical dilemma with respect to PG, who over the past decade has been constantly facing the allegations over the use of Animal Testing to ensure that their consumers get Safe Products. We have tried to come to a conclusion on how Animal Testing can be reduced, if not completely eradicated. At the same time we have voiced our opinions on the use of various alternatives to Animal Testing. Overview of Animal Testing The Use of Animals for test observations and Experimentations for the greater understanding of reactions from a particular substance or raw material that goes into some goods or medicines that we consumers consume can be termed as Animal Testing. Or you can say the use of non-human animals experimentations to prevent pain and sufferings to human beings A number of companies that produced goods for personal and hygiene care have emerged from the mid to late nineteenth century and this resulted in the number of animal tests and experiments to grow exponentially. The main reasons for those tests were medical research, to cure illness and test chemical compounds used to develop new products. Those tests were conducted in medical schools, pharmaceutical companies, and even farms. The vast amounts of animals that are being tested on are mice, monkeys, cats, dogs and guinea pigs. However, certain types of animals are used for different types of research for instance mice for cancer research, dogs for transplant surgery and cats for psychological experiments. Moreover, most of those animals that are being tested on are purposely-bred and supplied by the specialists companies, others usually come from the pound or are just caught in the wild. Over 100 million animals in North America alone will be killed in animal tests this year. Animal testing has been going on for years, a lot of companies test their products on animals, some of these tests consist of restraining animals and dropping chemicals into their eyes, the scientists also forcefully pump the chemicals into the animals stomach though a tube to see how it reacts to the chemical. These experiments are sometimes carried without anesthesia which makes it extremely painful for the animal. After observing the reactions for a number of days the animal is either destroyed or re-used in other experiments, most experiments consist of burning, stabbing and drugging animals. The thing is that animals react to drugs differently than we do so the results cant accurately be applied to humans so why do scientists do it? Since we cannot legally conduct tests on ourselves as humans, we look at the creatures that are right below us, animals. However, some of us dont seem to notice animals have feelings and can experience pain just as we would. As Jeremy Bentham would ask, The question is not, Can they reason? Nor, Can they talk? But can they suffer? Testing Animal Testing and Ethical Dilemma Introduction The rise in the consumer dominance has led the organizations to adopt the use of various artificially derived chemicals for use in production of Personal and Hygiene Goods. At the same time, medical advances and pharmaceutical companies acknowledge the use of animals for research studies and experimentation. This has raised various doubts about our ethics. Testing on Animals for chemical substance reactions to ensure consumer safety and drive innovative techniques is believed to be inhumane by some, while others agree that Animal Testing saves LIFE. This research paper evaluates the ethical dilemma borne by us. Animal Testing Define The obvious questions that are raised here are about the whole concept of Animal Testing and why is it necessary? Most of us are made to believe that Animal Testing is simply the torture of animals, striping them of their rights and cruel treatment of animals. This Definition of Animal Testing might have derived from various organizations that do not support the idea of Animal Research Studies as a whole and demand ethical treatment of animals through unjust terrifying acts of demonstrations and protests. These are the organizations who believe Animals have RIGHTS. It was argued upon by Robert Goldberg (1990) at the Washington conference of Committee for Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal with top dignitaries of the Humane Society about the issue of euthanizing millions of stray animals in public interest, and why the ruckus of using the same animals for the use in lab-testing. It was also argued upon at the conference over how activists have been indulged in terrorist like activities, as demonstrated by various raids at numerous labs conducting experiments on animals. The irony is, we as humans, will never be willing to come up and accept the fact that if we dont test the substances on Us, Animals are the next best alternatives to ensure Safety. There has always been an argument that animal testing results are inaccurate and also it is expensive to perform tests, secondly, animal testing is inhumane, and thirdly, there are alternatives to animal testing. According to former scientific executive of Huntingdon Life Sciences, animal tests and human results agree only 5%-25% of the time. Then looking at Tony Pages Vivisection Unveiled it states that less than 2% of human illnesses (1.16%) are ever seen in animals. In the tests of LD/50 short for Lethal Dose 50 per cent, a test wherein the animals receive a continuous dose of a dangerous chemical until half of them die , the Humane Society of the United States states that LD/50 tests do not yield enough data on the following: the poisonous doses of a chemical or substance, the prediction of poisoning signs and symptoms, the prevention or correction of over doses, and the specific cause of death in laboratory animals. Finally, looking at PETAs fact sheets, they argue that In many cases, animal studies do not just hurt animals and waste money; they harm and kill people, too. The drugs thalidomide, Zomax and DES were all tested on animals and judged safe but had devastating consequences fo r the humans who used them. The cost of animal testing is about $136 billion each year. Ethical Dilemma : Corporate Assessment PG Despite the fact that reliable modern humane tests are available in these days, Procter and Gamble insist on testing on animals claiming that this is the last resort that makes sure of their products safety. Whether it is ethical or unethical for Procter and Gamble to test on helpless animals is the question raised in this ethical dilemma. The case is analyzed and ethically evaluated based on: Deontological Theories Teleological Theories Casuist Theory All of these ethical theories aim at a common set of goals which are the ethical principles and that includes Beneficence, Least Harm, Respect for autonomy, and Justice. Deontological Theories: Deontological theories focus mainly on duties, obligations and rights. One of the most common deontological theories is the Kantianism which is known of its two formulations the Categorical Imperative I and the Categorical Imperative II. PRO ANIMAL TESTING: A scientist at Procter and Gamble would raise the question: is it right for humans to test on animals to save human lives? The proposed rule would be that humans can and have the right to test on animals in order to save human lives. So if we universalize the rule: it is accepted for humans to test and experiments with animals in order to save human lives. Furthermore, According to Immanuel Kant- the German philosopher- the only thing with any basic value is a good will. Since animals have no wills at all, they cannot have good will; they therefore do not have any basic value. Hence, it is ethical to test on animals because it saves humans lives. Procter and Gambles scientist would argue that moral rights and principles of justice apply only to human beings. Morality is a creation of social processes in which animals do not participate. Moral rights and moral principles apply only to those who are part of the moral community created by these social processes. Since animals are not part of this moral community, we have no obligations toward them. But we do have moral obligations to our fellow human beings, which include the duty to reduce and prevent needless human suffering and untimely deaths, which, in turn, may require the painful experimentation on animals. CON ANIMAL TESTING: A scientist working at Body Shop raise the question: Can Procter and Gamble mistreat and torture an animal claiming that this is the only way to make sure of their products safety? The proposed rule would be that organizations and companies can torture animals and demonstrate hideous experiments on them just because they believe that human beings are superiors to animals by being rational and intelligent. So if we universalize the rule, then a person can apply scientific experiments on any irrational unintelligent creature. Hence, that would include babies and people with mental difficulties and this would definitely be considered immoral and unethical on so many levels. That leads to the fact that although animals are irrational creatures, they feel the pain and the torture exercised on them. Thus, Procter and Gambles testing on animals can be termed unethical. Categorical Imperative II implies that individuals should act in a way that leads to a mutual benefit, treating both parties as ends in themselves. According to the case, animals are being misused in a way that is only considered beneficial for the human kind by Procter and Gamble. In other words, animals are being used as means to an end. Therefore, Procter and Gambles actions towards animals are unethical. Other deontological theories focus on the rights rather than duties and obligations. This leads to the controversial question: Do animals have rights? Even though there is no law that clearly states that animal rights are equal to human rights, animal rights campaigners have stated that animals have the right to live free from human exploitation, whether in the name of science or sport, exhibition or service, food or fashion. Animals have the right to live in harmony with their nature rather than according to human desires. Injecting chemical substances into a rabbits eye for seven days to produce a Head and Shoulders shampoo deprive him from any of these rights. Applying cancer and toxicity tests on rats and mice of optical brighteners and other laundry detergent ingredients leave them with no rights as well. These are just examples of the various experiments applied on animals in Procter and Gambles laboratories. Thus, testing on animals is unethical. Teleological Theories: Teleological theories focus on the consequences and the results of an action. Both of the Utilitarianism theories are perfect examples of such theories. An Act Utilitarians main objective is to take the action or the decision that would maximize the benefits for most people regardless of constraints such as law. On the other hand, a Rule Utilitarian takes into consideration justice and fairness as well as beneficence for most people. PRO ANIMAL TESTNG: Those who argue for the continuation of painful experimentation on animals state that society has an obligation to act in ways that will minimize harm and maximize benefits. Halting or curtailing painful experimentation on animals would have harmful consequences to society. Indeed, pain is an evil to be minimized, and scientists at Procter and Gamble do work to minimize pain when possible. Contrary to sensationalistic reports of animal rights activists, Procter and Gambles scientists are not a society of crazed, cruel, curiosity seekers. But there are instances when the use of alternatives, such as painkillers, would interfere with research that promises to vastly improve the quality and duration of human lives. Animal research has been the basis for new vaccines, new cancer therapies, artificial limbs and organs, new surgical techniques, and the development of hundreds of useful products and materials. These benefits to humans far outweigh the costs in suffering that relatively few animals have had to endure. Society has an obligation to maximize the opportunities to produce such beneficial consequences, even at the cost of inflicting some pain on animals. CON ANIMAL TESTING: From an Act Utilitarian point of view, Procter and Gambles animal testing does not only harm the whole animal kingdom; it is harming the human race and the environment as well. Animal testing is one of the main reasons of having various animals such as chimpanzees, macaques and white rhinos under threat, the threat of extinction. And as clarified earlier, animal testing is not the adequate way to save human lives. On the contrary, it is putting their lives in danger as well. A Rule Utilitarian who takes into account fairness and justice would add to the previous points that there is neither justice nor fairness applied when human beings use animals as disposable machines claiming that this is the only way to save as much human lives as possible (which is of course not true). Thus, According to the Act and Rule Utilitarianism theories animal testing held by Procter and Gamble is unethical. Casuist Theory: The casuist theory compares a current ethical dilemma with examples of similar ethical and their outcomes. PRO ANIMAL TESTING: Comparing our current ethical dilemma of Animal Testing and contrast the same with use of Canines as human companions, or use of animals for human safety would raise more doubts about our sincerity and perseverance to the issues raised in our society. Do we fail to conceptualize the degree of our social environment that would create a clear ethical ground that justifies why we do what we do. Although most of the training is under acceptable standards, some safety patrol dogs need rigorous training which can be brutal and inhumane. CON ANIMAL TESTING: Looking at the issue from a casuistic point of view, a perfect similar ethical dilemma would be of human slavery. Caucasians used to believe that they are superior to others and therefore used to slave Africans and treat them in a very inhuman way claiming that by doing so they are maximizing the benefits for the whole world. This was considered one of the norms back in those dark times. Nowadays it is considered immoral, unethical and completely unacceptable in every nation and society to treat another human being in an inferior way. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights clearly states now that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights and that everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. Peoples awareness for human rights has been increasing throughout the years and this was the reason behind this Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Unfortunately, scientists at Procter and Gamble are still unaware of the fact that animals are entitled to have their own rights. They are oblivious to the fact that we as human beings have no right to mistreat animals. They have no right as human beings to capture them, torture them and kill them with no mercy under the veil of saving human lives. On the contrary, animals should have the right to live peacefully with their nature and we as the rational creatures on this earth are obligated to defend the helpless kingdom and protect them from any harm. Thus, animal testing at Procter and Gambles laboratories can be simply ceased by declaring it unethical. Consumers First Looking at the whole idea from PGs point of view. According to PGs Human Safety Brochure and Sustainability (2009) overview, we have to first realize the fact that on an average about 4 billion people in the world use PG products every single day. This makes it their utmost priority that they reduce the risk of any type to the end-user. It has been for this very fact, that PG has been indulged in Animal Testing. The underlying factor here is that, we, as Humans, would be biased over the fact that if a particular product is tested on animals, and is guaranteed not to harm us or our children, we instantly change our opinion about the use of Animal Testing. According to Davis and Donald, we cannot have the ultimate assurance of the safety in the products we buy and use independent of animal testing. They specifically quote with present day technology, if the cost of achieving such assurance mandates the sacrifice of an occasional hairless mouse or rabbit or laboratory rat, then it is a price that we are prepared to pay. It is a delusion and a sham at this point to say we can achieve one without the other. Although the Ban on animal testing in various countries have given rise to various companies that are not indulged in Animal Testing, the Body Shop was one company that started off even before the ban with one view in mind Cruelty Free products. Many Researchers and Authors like Goldemberg and Robert (1992), believe that although a companys final product may not be tested on animals, but there is always a chance that down the line, some of the ingredients used were tested on animals by its suppliers or somebody else in the industry. Conclusion Medical Advances such as various vaccines, Insulin, treatment for kidney through dialysis, etc. Has been possible as a result of animal testing. At the same the use of various personal care products such has shampoos and cosmetics have been certified safe for human consumption as a result of constant development through Animal testing and research. During this journey, we have failed on many occasions to successfully justify animal testing when researches have gone wrong and caused harm and in certain cases death to Humans. Although we understand that Animal Testing has resulted in numerous data and statistics that would help generate computer simulation models and prove as a bench mark for further research, we can never stop Animal Testing as whole as it is fueled by our hunger for innovation. There is always room for efficiency and least harm. This can be achieved by the 3Rs theory developed by British zoologists William Russel and Rex Burch in 1959. The theory focuses on Replacement, Reduction and Refinement of animal testing and experimentations.

Gender Studies in Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights Essay -- Wuthering

Gender Studies in Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights  Ã‚   Gender played an important role in the style of writing known as "Gothic". Traditional stereotypes were often broken. Men were not always portrayed as dominant, strong, rational or masculine. Likewise, women were not always portrayed as weak, submissive, irrational, or feminine. This essay will take a look at the relationship between Catherine and Edgar Linton in Emily Brà ¶nte's Wuthering Heights. We will take a look at how their characters are portrayed, how this affected their marriage, and how each character retained some of the traits attributed to their gender. Catherine's character will be examined first, since she is one of the main characters in the book. Catherine was not your typical sweet, caring, angelic little girl. Ellen describes her by saying, "Her spirits were always at high-water mark, her tongue always going--singing, laughing, and plaguing everybody who would not do the same. A wild, wicked slip she was-" (p.32), and, " In play, she liked, exceedingly, to act the little mistress; using her hands freely, and commanding her companions: she did so to me, but I would not bear slapping and ordering; so I let her know."(p.33). From these two descriptions of Catherine, it seems she was always testing her limits, not at all submissive. Even as a child she had a strong mind that would not easily be swayed. It is obvious that Catherine was dominant and even domineering, an example of this would be the way she continually ordered her playmates around and by resorting to physical abuse to get them to do what she wanted them to do. Later in the book Catherine described herself as a child by saying she was "half savage, and hardy, and free"(p.97). Edgar's chi... ...ar gave up his judicial office, stopped attending church, and did not go anywhere anymore. So he assumed the wife's role by staying home and raising his child, and that was Catherine's final show of dominance. Edgar and Catherine had a complex relationship. Each went into the marriage for different reasons. Edgar thought he loved her but only loved an idealized version of her, and Catherine married him to help the man she truly loved, Heathcliff. He thought she was perfect, she thought he was weak and easy to control. Eventually, these idealizations faded away. Throughout their relationship, Catherine and Edgar switched gender roles. While they did switch roles, each one managed to keep traits that were attributed to their own gender at that time. Works Cited: Berg, Maggie. Wuthering Heights: The Writings in the Margin. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1996.

Is social media ruining our lives? Do you think social networking sites like Face book have an over all negative effect on society ? Essay

The Negative Effects of Social Media & Technology Why so many people cannot live without their phone updating their face book? In this generation people are so addicted on face book. Before and after they go to bed they cannot help themselves checking other people’s status and updating their personal life. According to About.com Web tends, â€Å"Social media is form of electronic communication through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, and personal messages. Face book is a popular free social networking website that allows registered users to create profiles, upload photos and videos, and keep in touch with friends, family and colleagues. It began as a college networking website and has expanded to include anyone and everyone.† Social media has become part of our daily lives. We are sharing information, ideas, and being able to comment on every ones photos and videos. However, social media has a negative effect in our lives and society. Social networking sites like Face book, My Space, I nstagram, and Twitter have an overall negative effect on society. Face book help to keep us connected to our family, friends and loved-ones. However, people share too much information which can lead to negative threats. Face book has become a big distraction of our society. Social media also allows contact with people around the world. It is actually source of easy communication; it is also common way that people express themselves. It can keep you up to update on the happenings of all our loved ones. However, it has a negative effect on society. Social media has become a big erosion of society. For instance, Face book. If we made ourselves completely exposed to the world, another negative effect on networking sites we shares too much information on face book and it lead us to physical danger. Cyber bullying has become a real threat; especially to teenagers it leads them to suicides. Face book has quickly become one of the most popular social networking websites on the internet. Once you have signed up for Face book account, you have made yourself completely exposed to the world. When you put all your personal private information on face book a lot of people can see your personal information. For instance, if someone wants to find anything about you, they will be able to find you on face book. The people with who you haven’t talked to in a long time for instance, your old classmates, or old friends. The negative effect on  social media sites is what if you were hiding from someone, someone you don’t want to talk to because you owed them some money or they were harassing you, they would be able to find you fairly easily. The bad thing about face book is you cannot hide from someone unless you deactivate your account. The good thing to do on face book is just keep our information private, so the people who are trying to find you on face book cannot do anything. Face book users shares too much information which can lead them a negative threats. They are over sharing of details in their everyday lives. For example, when someone posts photos or videos on face book and Twitter, it becomes viral. Even if the user deletes the video from his/her account, someone mi ght have kept it and then posted in onto other sites. According to We Shall Over share Mary Katherine, â€Å"There are thousands over sharing online as I write, paying the price with a decrease of their dignity, so you don’t have to. It’s amazing how reasonably you act when everyone you know (and many you don’t) is watching you.† Mary Katherine Ham also said, â€Å"It caused to illustrate the dangers of living a life online. As millions of us have taken to Face book, MySpace, and Twitter to connect with friends, share stories, and post pictures at a quickness and total heretofore unknown, we’ve also exponentially multiplied ways to humiliate ourselves. [The weekly Standard, June 8, 2009]. I think people should have personal responsibility because once you say or post something on Face book, you don’t get it back. Consistently, we are over sharing on social networking sites for instance, our photos and videos. Because we are so excited to let people know, what’s going on in our lives? However, we don’t know the danger on social networking sites it goes viral. In the end, we blamed other people for our irresponsible actions. While bullying has always been an issue of society, it seems that in our modern society become common through online media like Face book. It happens to all the children and teenagers. In â€Å"Colleen’s Weekly Blog,† John Halligan father of Ry an’s spoke, â€Å"His son was bullied so badly that he committed suicide at the age of thirteen.(cooleencorrigan.blogs.com)This new form of cyber bullying has been more popular in middle school and high schools. Cyber bullying lead them to suicide because of people hurts other people. There are also a small amount of parents that have face book accounts and keep up with their children. Once we are completely exposed to the social media like face book  and Twitter, we should have more responsibilities for our actions. Networking sites is like fast food, it goes so fast. It will lead us to negative effect on our lives. Social media has become a major part of our society. It connects us to communicate with our family and friends who lived on other city or other country. Face book, MySpace, Instagram and Twitter. However, it has a lot of negative effect on our If we post something on face book or other social media we should personal responsibility for our actions society. People are so addicted on social media like face book. Social media has been big erosion for us. Constantly we forget that we have something to do in our daily lives. Too much information on face book can lead us negative effect on our lives. It also leads to suicide because of cyber bullying. In this generation technology has become famous, people become addicted on social media. If we post something on face book or other social media we should personal responsibility for our actions. Online communication frequently takes the place of real life. They become dependent on the technology and forget how to socialize in face to-face. Back in the day computer did not exist; they only used telephone to communicate with other people. People used to live a simple life and had more time for their family and friends. What happened to our generation right now? Why is our society, especially the young generations, are so addicted to new technology? They cannot leave without their phone; they cannot go to sleep without checking their face book. What if technology did not exist? Are we going to be more focused on our everyday lives? Are we going to have a simple life without depending on our technology?

Free Essays on Prepare For Takeoff

Prepare For Take-Off Since the tragedy of September 11th, our nation’s airports have undergone several security changes to prevent such a tragedy from happening again. Some of the changes are more obvious than others, like the presence of the National Guard in our airports. However, there are some changes that are not seen nor felt by the public until they are presented with them, like not being allowed to bring drinking containers down into the terminal. Because most people are not aware of the changes, things tend to run a little slower now in our airports than normal. Louis Armstrong International Airport, formerly New Orleans International Airport, has been no exception. For 2 and a half years I was employed at Armstrong Airport by one of the venders and witnessed first hand the affects of September 11th. Because of the new security regulations, passengers had to wait longer to board their planes, which made my job more of a hassle. The best way to make a flight experience more enjoyable starts before one boards the plane. It is now suggested that passengers arrive two hours before their flight’s departure time. Do arrive early as suggested. When arriving at the airport, there will always be men and women with uniforms on asking â€Å"Do you need a skycap?† These ladies and gentlemen are there to be at a passengers service to help them check in their luggage, receive their boarding confirmation without the hassle of having to go to the ticket counter. This service is called â€Å"Curb-Side Check In†. It is quick and allows the passenger to head straight down to the terminal. However, this service is for domestic flights only. International flights have to go to the ticket counter but can use the service to help with the luggage. Don’t forget to tip the skycaps because they can be out there up to twelve hours a day and they are only paid minimum wage. If one has to go to their airline’s ticket counter, th... Free Essays on Prepare For Takeoff Free Essays on Prepare For Takeoff Prepare For Take-Off Since the tragedy of September 11th, our nation’s airports have undergone several security changes to prevent such a tragedy from happening again. Some of the changes are more obvious than others, like the presence of the National Guard in our airports. However, there are some changes that are not seen nor felt by the public until they are presented with them, like not being allowed to bring drinking containers down into the terminal. Because most people are not aware of the changes, things tend to run a little slower now in our airports than normal. Louis Armstrong International Airport, formerly New Orleans International Airport, has been no exception. For 2 and a half years I was employed at Armstrong Airport by one of the venders and witnessed first hand the affects of September 11th. Because of the new security regulations, passengers had to wait longer to board their planes, which made my job more of a hassle. The best way to make a flight experience more enjoyable starts before one boards the plane. It is now suggested that passengers arrive two hours before their flight’s departure time. Do arrive early as suggested. When arriving at the airport, there will always be men and women with uniforms on asking â€Å"Do you need a skycap?† These ladies and gentlemen are there to be at a passengers service to help them check in their luggage, receive their boarding confirmation without the hassle of having to go to the ticket counter. This service is called â€Å"Curb-Side Check In†. It is quick and allows the passenger to head straight down to the terminal. However, this service is for domestic flights only. International flights have to go to the ticket counter but can use the service to help with the luggage. Don’t forget to tip the skycaps because they can be out there up to twelve hours a day and they are only paid minimum wage. If one has to go to their airline’s ticket counter, th...

Stories PDHPE Essay

Stories PDHPE Essay Stories PDHPE Essay Youth off the Streets Stories 14/11/13 Tracey’s Story Summary Tracey was born addicted to heroine. At four her step father broke her arm this is where it all started. At six she was sexuality abused by her father. At 8 she started smoking pot and cigarettes. At eleven I was snorting speed, cocaine and smoking gear. By thirteen she was a junkie. Now at 14 she has spent time in Yasmar Detention Centre to help her recover from her cocaine habit. Shes states â€Å"I am starting afresh, forgetting my past and moving on with my life†. Impact The impact on her heath due to the situation is very unhealthy and because she started to smoke at the age of 8 and all the other things she did before and after. this is going to take her a while to get physically and mentally back on her feet. Strategy A strategy could be to move on and forget what happened to her in the past and start a new life. Even though it might take 10 or so years. Daniel’s Story Summary When Daniel was 6 he found his mother lying in a bath bruised, bleeding and unconscious. He wantwed to help her but he knew that he was next so he just left her. at the afe of 14 his father hit him for the last time with a broken shoulder, he decided to take his chances and live on the streets and he started to take drugs. He lived on the streets for about 1 year until the youth on the streets found him and they made him attend Key College, our school for homeless youth. He entered our drug and alcohol rehabilitation program and accessed our psychological support services. Now he is working and he has a partner and two kids. Impact The impact for Daniel was that he was unsecure at home and he felt the need to leave and then he started to take drugs and he headed the wrong direction until youth on streets found him. Strategy A strategy could be to go seek help to help him recover from the past. Willam’s Story Summary When Willam was little he had a very rough childhood. at the age of 6 he was seprated from his mum and sister and forced to attend a foster care. his foster parents use to take turns to bash him up. Later on his mother had to go back so the children went back to the foster cares the second time he got abused. When he went home he tried to hang him self but his sister called 000. His mother then took him to councilling in 1994. The doctor diagnosed me with ADD and severe depression.when he grew up he took drugs and alchol with his sister and his friends. He got caught up with the wrong crowd and started to break into houses and shops. He got caught and got twelve months good behaviour bond and court fines. Then I moved into dads’ house and started working in a club/restaurant washing dishes. I quit that after four months and then worked in a pie factory for two months. He got involed with drugs again and his dad kicked him out. He had no choice but to back to the mums house. F inally he decided to come to Dunlea to get clean and to go to the farm for long term rehabilitation Impact The impact for William was that he got sexually and physically abused and he also got caught up with the wrong crowd. Strategy A strategy could be for him to get with the right crowd, get married and to settle down. Sharise’s Story Summary She came to Youth Off The Streets at the age of 16. At this time, I was in a very bad way. I was heavily addicted to heroin, was in an abusive relationship and was living on and off the streets of the Kings Cross area. Youth off the streets made me attend to groups to help me recover from the past. Every day she attended alcohol and other drug groups and PPC groups. These groups helped me to deal with my drug, crime, low self esteem, and anger management issues. Father Riley and his youth workers helped me to realise that I was worth so much more than a life of drugs, abuse and crime. I have been clean for two and a half years. I have a steady job and will be starting university soon. Impact The impact for Sharise was that she was heavily

Ways to Alleviate Poverty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ways to Alleviate Poverty - Essay Example Poverty is found in both the rural and urban settings, however, recent studies have shown that urban poverty is on the rise which could lead to growing inequalities among the people and finally end in conflict. The misconception of poverty stricken people residing in the rural areas that life is better off in the urban regions has only increased urban poverty (United Nations Economic). Considering this fact and also the associated negative effects of poverty such as child abuse and violence, malnutrition, unhealthy living conditions and the increasing informal settlements have resulted in the need to address poverty and provide suitable solutions to alleviate poverty (Leschied; United Nations Economic). There has been an increasing growth in economy over the past years that have given immense opportunity to people to grow. However, it would not be wise to assume that such economic development would benefit every individual living in poverty. The only other means to enhance the living conditions of the poorer sector is through introduction of suitable policies which are aimed at increasing their productivity and employment opportunities, increase investments on the small scale informal sectors where people living in poverty usually find employment, provide better living conditions for the poor and empower the poor population by providing their due social recognition. All this could be achieved through able governance with the help of other non-governmental organizations and the community as a whole. Those living under poverty have found immense employment opportunities in some informal working sector and the public and private sector companies will have to learn from the informal sectors about providing opportunities to the lower-income population. In order to increase job opportunities to the poor, the labor regulations imposed by the government should be aimed at maintaining the security provided to the existing employees. Another vital factor that would incre ase the employment of the poor is provision of adequate access to education, especially for girls, by which the literacy rate and access to employment can be attained among the poverty stricken population. In addition, investments to increase the capital of the informal working sector that employs people living in poverty should be expanded in order to provide better wages to the employees and thereby improve their living conditions. Additionally the government will also have to regularly review the regulations and procedures that are required for the operation of these informal sectors. Examples of such investments and regulatory changes have been the expansion of social collateral for the informal sector and the provision of land security for shops and workshops in the informal sector. Urban agriculture can also provide employment options for the poor sector and thus help in poverty reduction. The poor should also have banking access as it would alleviate their need to depend upon moneylenders and help them with their savings and loan requirements. Such facilities will enhance the self-confidence of the poor to start their own ventures thus paving the way for their development. In addition, if the housing needs of the poor are taken care by the government by the introduction of a security measure for their land tenure, it would help them to better their living conditions as they would not have to live with the constant fear of vacating the informal settlements. In addition, the government should also ensure that all the settlements have basic amenities such as water supply, drainage facilities, proper sanitation, good roads and power

Annotated bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Annotated bibliography - Essay Example ProQuest. Web. Oct 19, 2012. This study points out some inconsistency in human resource management (HRM) perspectives from a business standpoint. As researchers at the University of Strathclyde, the authors propose formal systems, specifically designed to improve the effectiveness of HRM in order to achieve better business practices and then corporate expansion. This research is very relevant because it calls for the implementation of more effective human resource management models fundamental to the success of any business. Indeed, efficient HRM models are necessary to the required performance of businesses. This article will be used in my paper because it exposes the limitations in HRM and demonstrates the need to set up better models. Fisscher, Olaf, and Andre Nijhof. â€Å"Research and Concepts: Implications of Business Ethics for Quality Management.† The TQM Magazine 17.2 (2005): 150-61. ProQuest. Web. Oct 19, 2012. In this article, Olaf Fisscher and Andre Nijhof, both re searchers at the University of Twente, in the Netherland, explore the relationship between business ethics and quality management. The authors demonstrate that even though business ethics and quality management have different origins, they both deal with issues of responsibility. In addition, the article presents the link between them and what quality management can learn from business ethics. The argument presented in this study is very valid because quality management goes with business ethics in order to achieve good results. The presence of responsibility in both fields reveals the importance of moral values in business management. This study will bring a valuable contribution to my paper because it labels the lack of responsibility as a serious weakness in the business sector. Gronholdt, Lars, and Anne Martensen. â€Å"Management Practices Driving Sustained Business Success.† Measuring Business Excellence 13.1 (2009): 48-58. ProQuest. Web. Oct 19, 2012. Lars Gronholdt an d Anne Martensen analyze the way different managerial practices provide sustainable and profitable growth in Danish companies. The authors, researchers at the Copenhagen Business School, present a variety of managerial tools and techniques that companies need to implement in order to achieve high performance. They also invite companies to clearly distinguish the common managerial practices that guarantee a successful business. The authors make a meaningful point in calling for selecting the best managerial tools to ensure good performance. The ability for businesses to identify the best practices allows them to make profit and ensure growth. This article will be very helpful to my paper because not all managerial tools can bring success, and it belongs to managers to choose the best. Gulledge, Thomas R. Jr., and Rainer A. Sommer. â€Å"Business Process Management: Public Sector Management.† Business Process Management Journal 8.4 (2002): 364-77. ProQuest. Web. Oct 19, 2012. R esearchers at George Mason University, Thomas R. Gulledge Jr. and Rainer A. Sommer draw readers’ attention to the difficulties in the management of the public sector. For them, much of the research has been directed toward business process management whereas the public sector management has not received much attention. This study focuses on the need to

Drug trafficking and drugs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Drug trafficking and drugs - Essay Example mechanisms in some countries, the presence of willing buyers and sellers, the strong cartels and finally the inherent problem of being a transnational crime. A drug has been described as anything that has a biological effect on a species, and that can be used for treatment, recreation, or for preventive measures. Most drugs that are prohibited are leisure drugs which tend to affect the brain of the user, and the prohibition is to encourage the promotion of responsible behavior among the youth who would take the drug to forget about problems. There are many forms of drugs, and there is usually a law in every country that regulates the use of drugs and identifies which drugs have been abused. Drug abuse is using drugs for non-intended purposes. There are many ways in which a person can gain access to drugs, but most drugs require the prescription of a qualified doctor (Lupton, 2012). The prescription has to be made after a diagnosis, so the disease or ailment can be effectively treated. There are also drugs that the law is lenient on; some of these drugs can be purchased over the counter. These are drugs for common ailments which do not have any adverse effect on the body, even when they are not taken in exact dosages. These are drugs for headaches, stomach aches, and for malaria in tropical countries. The danger with over-the-counter medication is that users are liable to develop a tolerance if the medication is overused. Finally, another form of drug is the prohibited drug, which can only be distributed through drug tra fficking and illegal sales (Hucklesby, 2010). Drug trafficking is the illegal transfer of a prohibited drug from one place to another. This is known as black market cartel whereby there are people who have dedicated their lives for the cultivation and production of illegal drug from countries that allow the growth and distribution of the drugs. In 2003 alone, the drug market contributed up to about 1% of the world economy, by producing

The morality of hunting Essay Example for Free

The morality of hunting Essay Do animals have feelings? We may never know for sure, but for those of us who think they do, there are animal rights groups. For those of us who dont think so, or just dont care, theres indifference and theres hunting. The morality of sport and commercial hunting has been in question for centuries. I could open a economy size can of worms about fox hunting in England, whale hunting in Japan, and tiger hunting in Africa. I think its safe to say that most of us are supportive of protecting endangered species, but what about the plentiful fauna of Missouri? Chock full of birds, fish, deer, and rodents, should they be protected as well? In November of 1997, singer Fiona Apple teamed up with People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), to speak out against Butterball and their How To Cook A Turkey Hotline. Please join me in calling Butterball, implored Apple, to tell them there is no proper way to kill and cook these beautiful birds. Okay, so maybe you love animals but youre not a vegetarian. The next question is about the affects of one killed or injured animal on many. Take deer for example. Many hunters claim that any deer that escapes from a hunt later returns to the herd without suffering any ill effects. Even if they dont get away, there is no damage done to the population and the hunters have done nothing but their part in keeping populations to a healthy low. Apparently, according to the League Against Cruel Sports, this is entirely untrue. The babies that eventually die of starvation are lost along with their mothers. They also same that by the end of a long day of running for their life, the deer may have lost so much body heat that they succumb to hypothermia and pneumonia. Another cause of deer fatalities during hunting season is myopathy, which is due to the stress and over-exertion of a long pursuit. The lactic acid builds up, which causes extreme pain, it breaks down muscle tissue. Death finally comes, usually as a result of kidney failure. The organizations website also lists a pack of lies. They are quotes which many have believed to be true but by scientific evidence and statistics, really arent. Farmers currently tolerate deer on their farms and suffer consequent crop losses because the deer provide them with ? sport as a compensation. Without this incentive, farmers would not tolerate deer on their land and would shoot the deer lawfully by day and unlawfully at night. The League disproves this by a poll taken in February 1985 which found that 58% of farmers either opposed or had no view on hunting Of course there are may others who would argue this. One of them being C. M. Dixon whose website is entitled The Banning Of Hunting Is An Affront To Freedom. Here Dixon states that, The concept of personal freedom means the ability to choose ones lifestyle activities and pursue those activities without hindrance from other individuals or the state? While I can quite understand that a number of people find the concept of hunting objectionable, in order for such a ban to have merit in a free and democratic society, the proponents must go one step further and demonstrate why the continued pursuit of hunting is contrary to the public interest or that those members of our society that indulge in hunting are impinging on the freedom of others. This they cannot do. While he is commenting on a proposed ban on fox hunting in England, his views are relevant here. Dont agree with his opinion? Heres a fact. Without hunting, wildlife populations will grow to an unhealthy size and the same number of animals that would have been killed during hunting season, if not more, will die slow deaths of disease and starvation. They will invade farmland and cross roads to get there. Although one of these probably affects you indirectly, and the other one affects you as directly as a set of antlers through your windshield.

Methods used to make Opening Battle Sequence of Saving Private Ryan Sho

The film ‘Saving Private Ryan’ is a Steven Spielberg film released in 1998 which aimed to make a both shocking and effective portrayal of warfare. The film shows realistically the severities and horror of warfare. Spielberg admitted that he was ‘looking for realism the whole time’. A conventional war film aims to show fearless soldiers and frightened or brutal enemies. Spielberg wanted to show fear from both sides and highlight the terror felt by young men. I feel it is easy to become detached from the fact that many soldiers were young men with individual lives and varying views. The film uses de-saturated colour so that the audience feels the film is older. The effect of de-saturated colour allows audiences to feel that they have also taken the step back in time along with Private Ryan. Another effect is the use of handheld cameras which allows the audience to feel they are in the battle and moving up the beach or across ground. Spielberg saw the opportuni ty to use D-day as an opening scene. Not only would D-day be an action packed opening scene it would also show its many brutalities. This scene is the film’s selling point and almost trademark. Finally the film shows how ordinary men find themselves fighting on the frontline. When the film starts the American flag is flying and music is played. Violins, trumpets and bugles can be heard playing. We see an elderly man walking ahead of his family down a path. Quickly it is made clear that the path is located in a mass graveyard. As he walks past the graves the number of dead becomes apparent. One of the graves is the Star of David showing how not only Christians fought this battle. After seeing the immaculate graves the camera faces the elderly man. The elderly man falls to the ... ...this really portrays the realism of war. Overall the use of de-saturated film and handheld cameras is an effective way of portraying the film. It does not only portray the film but also realistically portrays war. Scenes which are sometimes horrific or disturbing to watch give us a tiny insight in to the horrific scenes of war. I feel this is the most realistic war film without actually being there. Spielberg successfully took this film to new levels with not always showing brave and noble men. Spielberg has reached the limits of modern film with his effects and constant persistence to find realistic effects. The opening scene is like a starter of a meal or a taste of what is about to come. It shows how these men are brave but scared. I think the film portrays the diversities of emotions experienced by the men. Overall I think this is a realistic and effective film.

History of Punishment

According to (Seiter, 2011) Cesare Beccaria is known as the founder of the classical school of criminology, the first organized theory of crime causation linked to appropriate punishments. According to (Seiter, 2011) Beccaria suggested that the purpose of punishment is utility or the prevention of crime. According to (Seiter, 2011) Jeremy Bentham is the creator of the hedonistic calculus suggesting that punishments outweigh the pleasure criminals get from committing crime.According to (Seiter, 2011) another way to remove offenders from society was through transportation or deportation. Transportation started in England and was used throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries to send undesirables to the colonies in America. According to (Seiter, 2011) the first response to crime in the American colonies was based on the English criminal codes and incorporated the Puritans linking of crime with sin in developing a rigid and strict system of punishments.Violations of expected co mmunity behavior were death with severely using corporal and capital punishment carried out in public to deter both individual offenders and the broader community. According to (Seiter, 2011) whipping at the town center whipping post or placement in stocks and pillories was common punishment for minor offenses such as drunkenness, slander, or stealing something of minor value. Pillories were wooden frames with holes for offender’s hands and head. According to (Seiter, 2011) historical punishment were both painful and shameful.Stocks and pillories were used both as physical punishment and to ridicule offenders in front of their fellow towns people, in the hopes that they would end their criminal ways. Branding was also a way of punishment. They branded criminals with letters, on their hands and face. Prison did not exist in the colonial times. According to (Seiter, 2011) colonist did use jails copying English system of gaols, for holding defendants awaiting trial of those alre ady convicted and waiting for their corporal or capital punishment to be carried out.These jails according to (Seiter, 2011) had deplorable conditions in which poor men, women, and children all lived together in filth, with little food or sanitary conditions. According to (Seiter, 2011) the most famous jail reformer was John Howard, who was the sheriff of the Bedfordshire, England. Howard himself, while on an English ship, was taken captive by a French privateer and subsequently imprisoned. He later was paroled to England, but never forgot the horrendous conditions resulting in the death of several English prisoners.According to (Seiter, 2011) as soon as he became the sheriff he was responsible for the operation of the jail and was disturbed over the conditions and the fact that some people were there for weeks because they were unable to pay the fee required for release. According to (Seiter, 2011) he also pushed for the passage of the English penitentiary act of 1779 to require mi nimum standards for jail conditions. According to (Seiter, 2011) as a result of the brutality and extensive use of corporal and capital punishment, some were dissatisfied with these methods of responding to criminal behavior.William Penn and the Quakers were hardworking and economical people. They realized that the criminal codes were both inhumane and inefficient in that judges often did not follow the criminal codes because they did not want to inflict more severe punishment on relatively minor offenders. According to (Seiter, 2011) the abolition of capital punishment for all crimes other than homicide, the substitution of imprisonment at hard labor for bloody corporal punishments, the provision of free food and logging to inmates the replacement of the stocks and pillory with houses of detention.The Walnut street jail was the first penitentiary in the United States according to (Seiter, 2011). According to (Seiter, 2011) the Pennsylvania system was known as the separate and silen t system with silence enforced and inmates not allowed to see or talk with each other. Through this approach, it was believed that offenders would not be morally contaminated and be trained in crime by other prisoners.According to (Seiter, 2011) the Auburn system became known as the congregate and silent system as officials continued to reduce the spread of criminals ideas by inmates through silence and strict discipline they wanted inmates to march with their eyes looking down at the ground. They did not want the inmates to give other inmates ideas. According to (Seiter, 2011) the emphasis was on having inmates work and produce products that could help make the prisons economically self- supporting using there free labor, prisons became very successful at this prison management emphasized production as much as security and ehabilitation, and the volume of prison made products sold on the open market increased considerably. According to the industrial prison era from 1910 to 1935, l ed to the first major interest in the management of prisons by external parties. According to (Seiter, 2011) as time went on the Ashurst- summers act was amended in 1940 , that severely limited the sale of prison made products on the open market. Seiter, R. P. (2011). Corrections:An Introduction Third Edition. Prentise Hall.

Classification of Laws

Classification of Laws An important method of classifying law is according to the system in which it is created. †¢ common law Rules of law created by the courts through judicial decisions. Courts â€Å"make law† as part of the process of deciding cases and controversies before them. The case law created in this process is based on a doctrine known as stare decisis. This doctrine is based on the notion that prior decisions provide guidance that should be followed in subsequent cases involving the same questions of law. Thus, where a rule of law has been announced and followed by courts so that the rule has become settled by judicial decision, a precedent is established for future cases. The common law system originated in England. Therefore, because of our nation’s close historical association with England, the common law system is of significant importance in the United States. Indeed, many state constitutions specifically adopted the common law of England as the beginning point of those states’ legal systems. Civil law systems found in France and Spain are quite different from the common law system. The civil law systems rely primarily on legislative enactments, rather than judicial decisions, for law. Any court in a civil law system must defer to the legislation for the answer to a legal issue. The courts’ decisions do not become precedent. Future cases also must be resolved by reference to applicable legislation. Only Louisiana, among the various states, follows a civil law system. This is due to Louisiana’s historical ties with France. Public law Another way of classifying the law is to divide it into matters of public law and matters of private law. public law involves those matters that involve the regulation of society as opposed to individuals interacting. Examples of public law include constitutional law, administrative law, and criminal law. oConstitutional law involves the interpretation and application of either the federal or a state constitution. oAdministrative law describes the legal principles that apply to government agencies, bureaus, boards, and commissions. Criminal law encompasses all legal aspects of crime. In each of these areas, society, or â€Å"the people,† are directly involved in the issues. Their interests are represented by a governmental agency, officer, or official whose obligation it is to see that justice is accomplished and the ends of society achieved. Public law provides a major portion of the legal env ironment of business. †¢Private law encompasses those legal problems and relationships that exist between individuals. Private law is traditionally separated into the law of contracts, the law of torts, and the law of property. Contract law addresses agreements between two parties. †¢Tort law addresses wrongs other than a breach of contract, by which one party injures another. †¢Property law deals with all aspects of ownership and possession of both tangible things and intangible rights. Our whole economic system is based upon the rights of individuals to acquire and use private property. Another means of classifying the law is to divide it into: †¢Civil Law and Criminal Law, For administrative purposes, courts usually separate criminal actions from all other lawsuits. Civil cases may include suits for breach of contract or tort cases, such as suits for personal injuries. Typically, they involve a request for damages or other appropriate relief that does not involve punishment of the wrongdoer. Criminal cases involve a representative of government attempting to prove the wrong committed against society and seeking to have the wrongdoer punished by the court system. †¢Substantive Law and Procedural Law Another important classification or distinction in law is between substance and procedure. Substantive law defines the legal relationship of people with other people or between them and the state. Thus, the rules of law governing the creation or enforcement of a contractual promise are substantive in nature. Procedural law deals with the method and means by which substantive law is made and administered. The time allowed for one party to sue another and the rules of law governing the process of the lawsuit are examples of procedural laws. Thus, substantive rules of law define rights and duties, while procedural rules of law provide the machinery for enforcing those rights and duties. Judicial procedures involve the conduct of lawsuits and appeals and the enforcement of judgments. The rules for conducting civil trials are different from those for criminal trials. For example, each party may call the other party to the witness stand for cross-examination in a civil trial, but the defendant may not be required to testify in a criminal case. Procedural problems sometimes arise concerning papers filed in lawsuits, the admission of evidence, and various other techniques involved in trying the case. They are the rules of the game. Next, you will study these procedural aspects of law in greater depth. In summary, For instance, Common Law was created with the purpose of establishing a set of legal rules based on previous court decisions made on similar cases, and these decisions may or may not be regulated by any already existing statutes. This form of law is based on the stare decisis doctrine. In contrast to the common law, Civil Law is dependent on statutes, where decisions are made based on established legislative rules, therefore prior decisions from judges do not take precedence. The second classification is based on the differentiation between Public and Private law, where public law relates to societal influences and governing structures, whereas private law deals with upholding the legal rights of individuals. Another common classification introduced is that of Civil and Criminal laws, in which the courts make a distinction between laws that pertain to the deliberate perpetration of a criminal wrongdoing, from laws that were established to enforce and ascertain the outcome of a lawsuit between disputing parties. Finally, laws can also be classified as Substantive or Procedural laws, where substantive laws address the rights and duties that protect every person within our society, and the application of procedural laws, which governs and enforces the rules that assist in controlling the behavior of all the officers, governing bodies, and other members that form our judicial system. All members of the armed forces must adhere to military rules enforced by a document known as the Uniform Code of Military Justice, and this document provides all necessary guidelines in the compliance of the various articles delineated in the document. In addition, we must also comply with federal, state and local regulations. For example, in order to avoid fines and legal reprisals, and also due to the technical nature of our working environment, rules and regulations generated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) must be adopted and enforced, ensuring the safety of personnel and environmental stability.

Anna Mae Pictou Aquash essays

Anna Mae Pictou Aquash essays Anna Mae Pictou-Aquash was born on March 27, 1945 in a small Indian village in Nova Scotia, Canada. She experienced extreme poverty in her childhood, on a small Mic-Mac Reservation. However, she learned of the richness of her peoples culture. She attended an off-reservation school where she could experience the harsh daily racial discrimination that caused most of her fellow Mic-Macs to drop out. She continued her education into high school until one day, she and her siblings came home to find that their mother had abandoned them. She then dropped out of school and turned to the only profession she knew, working the potato and berry harvest. In 1968, she joined the Natives Call for Equal Rights, Cultural Recognition and the Fulfillment of the Treaties, working as a volunteer in the Boston, MA Indian Councils headquarters. Her duties centered on helping young, urban Natives to develop self-esteem in an attempt to avoid alcohol abuse; which is very frequent in Indian communities. She became active in AIM (American Indian Movement) protesting not only for American Indian rights, but also for the negative image in which they are portrayed in American history. Aquash then began to working the Teaching and Research in Bicultural Education School Project (TRIBES). The curriculum consisted of traditional subjects as well as Indian history, values, and beliefs to ingest pride in the students. The project was successful, but it closed in 1972, when funding was cut. Later Anna engaged in teaching and assistance, and when offered a scholarship for Brandeis University, in Massachusetts, she declined it to continue her work i n the black and Indian communities. In 1972, Anna participated in AIMs promoted Trail of Broken Treaties March in Washington, D.C., an event that drew Indians from all places and the first time a national organization of Indians had faced a confrontation as a united people. In April of 1973,...

Get the Facts About Marijuana and THC

Get the Facts About Marijuana and THC Marijuana is one of the names given to the Cannabis sativa plant when it is used as a drug. The active ingredient in marijuana is tetrahydrocannabinol or THC. What does marijuana look like? The appearance of marijuana depends on how it will be used, but it often resembles tobacco. Higher quality marijuana is made using only the flowering buds of the plant, while other marijuana may include leaves, stems, and seeds. Marijuana may be green, brown, or grayish in color. How is marijuana used? Marijuana may be smoked as a cigarette, in a pipe, in a blunt, or using a vaporizer. It may be consumed as a tea or in food. Why do people use marijuana? Marijuana is used because of its primary active ingredient, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), produces a relaxed state and may heighten the senses. What are the effects of marijuana use? The effects of smoking marijuana  are felt as soon as the THC enters the bloodstream and last from 1-3 hours. Absorption of THC is slower if marijuana is ingested, typically producing effects 30 minutes to an hour after exposure and lasting up to 4 hours. Marijuana increases the heart rate, relaxes and enlarges bronchial passages, and dilates the blood vessels in the eyes, which may cause them to appear bloodshot. THC causes dopamine release, which produces euphoria. Colors and sounds may seem more intense, time may appear to pass more slowly, and pleasant sensations may be experienced. Dry mouth is common, as are intense thirst and hunger. After the euphoria passes, a user may feel sleepy or depressed. Some users experience anxiety or panic. What are the risks associated with marijuana use? Smoking marijuana results in many of the same risks associated with smoking tobacco, including coughing, increased susceptibility to lung infections, airway obstruction, and probably an increased risk of developing lung cancer. Other methods of taking marijuana are not associated with respiratory damage. Even low doses of marijuana impair concentration and coordination. Long-term heavy marijuana use may impair short-term memory long after the drug has been metabolized. Street Names for Marijuana Grass Pot Weed Bud Mary Jane Dope Indo Hydro 420 Acapulco Gold BC Bud Buddha Cheeba Chronic Ganja Green Goddess Herb Homegrown KGB (Killer Green Bud) Kindbud Locoweed Shake Sinsemilla Skunk Wacky Tabacky